Riyadh: Capital of Culture and Civilization at the Heart of Saudi Arabia

Riyadh is the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its largest city. It ranks as the third-largest Arab city in terms of population, with over 6 million inhabitants. It is also among the world's fastest-growing cities in terms of expansion, covering an area of 3115 square kilometers. Riyadh is situated approximately 800 kilometers away from both Mecca and Medina.

The name "Riyadh" is derived from the word "riyadh," which refers to the abundant flat and level lands in the area.

History

Previously known as "Hajr," the city of Riyadh remained the capital of the region called "Yamamah" for several centuries, encompassing Al-Aridh, Al-Hareeq, Sadeer, Al-Mahmal, Al-Kharj, Al-Aflaj, and others. This lasted until Imam Abdulaziz bin Muhammad bin Saud entered the city in 1187 AH (1774 CE). From that point, Riyadh became part of Diriyah and the first Saudi state.

In 1233 AH, Diriyah was destroyed, and the first Saudi state was eliminated by Ibrahim Pasha, the Governor of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire. A military battle occurred between the Ottomans, who held military superiority, and the Saudi state, resulting in Ottoman control over the Hijaz, Najd, and several other regions. The Al Saud family regained control in 1240 AH (1824 CE) under Imam Turki bin Abdullah, who made Riyadh the capital of his state. He constructed the Medina Mosque, the Amir's Palace, and fortified walls. Since then, Riyadh has remained the capital of the second Saudi state.

Climate

Riyadh experiences a continental desert climate characterized by hot and dry summers and cool winters with moderate rainfall. July is the hottest month, with an average temperature of around 43.5 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, January is the coldest month, with an average temperature of about 9 degrees Celsius.

Famous Places to Visit

• National Museum of Saudi Arabia
• Masmak Palace
• Kingdom Centre Tower
• Tuwaiq Mountain