Berlin

Berlin (in Arabic: برلين) is the capital of Germany and its largest city. The city is home to 3.75 million people within its borders, but before World War II, it had a population of 6.1 million within an area of 891.8 square kilometers. Berlin is located in the sandy region between the Spree and Havel rivers in northern Germany. From 1961 to 1996, the city was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin by the Berlin Wall, also known as the "Wall of Shame." The main airports are Berlin Tegel and Berlin Schönefeld.

Name and History:

The unification of the two fishing villages of Kölln and Berlin took place in 1307 on the banks of the Spree River, which flows through the city. As the capital of Brandenburg (later Prussia), Berlin was not a significant city until the 18th century. However, as Prussia strengthened, it became one of the important centers in northern Germany and Europe politically, economically, and culturally. Being the capital of the German Empire, founded in 1871, Berlin also served as the capital of Nazi Germany since 1933. The city was heavily damaged during World War II and was occupied by the Allied forces. After World War II, the city was divided into four sectors, like the rest of Germany, with Berlin falling under the control of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union. The rapid political differences between the Western powers and the Soviet Union led to the city's division into East and West. The construction of the Berlin Wall began on August 12, 1961, strictly preventing the movement of people from East to West Berlin. The buildings, embassies, palaces, and museums designed by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who built Berlin as the imperial center at that time, remained entirely in the eastern part of the city. One of the most important museums in the world, the Pergamon Museum, featured the Pergamon Altar, which was unlawfully brought from Turkey, where the convention meets Berlin's Cologne Street. The Nikolaikirche in East Berlin, as well as other important buildings, also remained. With the collapse of the wall in 1989 and the official reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990, Berlin regained its previous integrity as a city-state and became the capital of the unified Federal Republic of Germany.

Climate:

Berlin experiences a moderate temperature zone. Summers are warm, with maximum temperatures ranging between 22-25 degrees Celsius and minimum temperatures around 12-14 degrees Celsius. In winter, the weather is cold, with temperatures reaching a minimum of -2 degrees Celsius and a maximum of 4 degrees Celsius. Overall, the weather is cool to moderate during spring and autumn, and urban areas tend to be about 4 degrees warmer than surrounding areas due to the heat stored in buildings. The annual average temperature in the city is 8.9 degrees Celsius. The average annual rainfall is 581 millimeters. The hottest months are July and August, with average temperatures of 18.5 and 17.7 degrees Celsius, respectively. The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures of -0.6 and -0.3 degrees Celsius, respectively. Most rainfall occurs in July with 70 mm, while the least rainfall occurs in March with 31 mm.

Top Tourist Attractions in Berlin:

• Brandenburg Gate
• Charlottenburg Palace
• Straße des 17. Juni (Street of June 17)
• Reichstag Building
• Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
• Gendarmenmarkt Square
• Berliner Dom (Berlin Cathedral)
• Victory Column